Bronchospasm

Asthma before-after-en

Bronchospasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release of substances from mast cells or eosinophils under inflammatory conditions, which is often seen in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchospasm is characterized by tightness in the chest, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. It is a key feature of asthma, but it can also occur in other conditions such as bronchitis, anaphylaxis, and during the use of certain medications.

Causes

Bronchospasm can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

• Allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, pet dander)
• Exercise
• Cold air
• Chemical irritants
• Respiratory infections
• Certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers)
• Emotional stress

Symptoms

The main symptoms of bronchospasm include:

• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness
• Coughing

These symptoms can vary in intensity from mild to severe and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bronchospasm typically involves a medical history review and physical examination. Healthcare providers may also use tests such as:

• Spirometry to measure lung function
• Peak flow meter readings to assess the severity of bronchospasm
• Chest X-ray to rule out other conditions
• Allergy testing to identify potential triggers

Treatment

Treatment for bronchospasm focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future episodes. This may include:

• Short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) for immediate relief
• Long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control
• Avoidance of known triggers
• Allergy medications or immunotherapy for individuals with allergic asthma
• Education on proper inhaler technique and asthma management plans

Prevention

Preventive measures for bronchospasm include:

• Avoiding exposure to known triggers
• Regular use of prescribed medications
• Monitoring lung function with a peak flow meter
• Following an asthma action plan as recommended by a healthcare provider

See Also

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Anaphylaxis
• Inhaler