Brudziński reflex

Brudziński's Reflex is a physical examination finding in meningitis, which is a severe infection of the central nervous system. It is named after the Polish pediatrician, Józef Brudziński, who first described it in the early 20th century.

Definition[edit | edit source]

Brudziński's Reflex is a neurological sign that is elicited during a physical examination. It is characterized by involuntary lifting of the legs when the patient's neck is flexed. This reflex is indicative of meningeal irritation and is commonly seen in patients with meningitis.

Types[edit | edit source]

There are three types of Brudziński's Reflexes: neck sign, cheek sign, and symphyseal sign.

Brudziński's Neck Sign: This is the most commonly known sign. When the patient's neck is flexed, there is involuntary flexion of the hips and knees.
Brudziński's Cheek Sign: When pressure is applied to the patient's cheek (zygomatic arch), there is involuntary flexion of the forearm.
Brudziński's Symphyseal Sign: When pressure is applied over the pubic symphysis, there is involuntary flexion of the leg at the hip and knee.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Brudziński's Reflex is a significant clinical sign in the diagnosis of meningitis. However, it is not specific to meningitis and can be seen in other conditions causing meningeal irritation. The presence of Brudziński's Reflex, along with other signs and symptoms, can help clinicians in making a diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment.

Limitations[edit | edit source]

While Brudziński's Reflex is a useful clinical sign, it has its limitations. It is not always present in patients with meningitis, and it can be seen in other conditions. Therefore, it should not be used in isolation to diagnose meningitis. Other clinical findings and investigations are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.