Brunner syndrome

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Brunner syndrome
Synonyms	Monoamine oxidase A deficiency
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Impulsivity, aggression, mood swings, mild intellectual disability
Complications	N/A
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Mutations in the MAOA gene
Risks	Family history of the condition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Behavioral therapy, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on management
Frequency	Very rare
Deaths	N/A

Brunner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with abnormal production of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). It is characterized by lower than normal intelligence, behavioral problems, and a tendency towards violence. The syndrome is named after Hans Brunner, the Dutch human geneticist who first described it.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Brunner syndrome can vary greatly from person to person. However, common symptoms include:

• Lower than normal intelligence
• Behavioral problems
• Tendency towards violence
• Impulsivity
• Mood swings
• Sleep disturbances

Causes

Brunner syndrome is caused by mutations in the MAOA gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A, which is involved in the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain. Mutations in the MAOA gene lead to reduced activity of this enzyme, which can result in an imbalance of chemicals in the brain and the symptoms of Brunner syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Brunner syndrome is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and a variety of specialized tests. Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Brunner syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include medications to manage symptoms, behavioral therapy, and educational support.

See also

• Genetic disorder
• Monoamine oxidase A
• Hans Brunner

External links

• WikiMD: Brunner syndrome