Buffalo Rock

Buffalo Rock logo 2018

Buffalo Rock is a prominent geological formation located in the state of Illinois, United States. It is situated along the north bank of the Illinois River, near the city of Ottawa. The rock formation is part of the Buffalo Rock State Park, which is managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Geological Significance

Buffalo Rock is a sandstone bluff that was formed during the Pleistocene epoch. The rock is primarily composed of St. Peter Sandstone, which is known for its high purity and fine grain. The formation of Buffalo Rock is attributed to the glacial meltwaters that carved out the Illinois River Valley during the last Ice Age.

Historical Importance

The area around Buffalo Rock has been inhabited by various Native American tribes for thousands of years. The Illinois Confederation and the Potawatomi were among the tribes that lived in the region. The rock served as a natural lookout point and a strategic location for these tribes.

In the 17th century, French explorers, including Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette, passed through the area during their exploration of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The rock was later named "Buffalo Rock" due to the presence of American Bison in the region.

Buffalo Rock State Park

Buffalo Rock State Park was established in 1928 and covers an area of approximately 298 acres. The park offers a variety of recreational activities, including hiking, picnicking, and wildlife viewing. One of the main attractions of the park is the Effigy Tumuli, a series of large earthen sculptures created by artist Michael Heizer in the 1980s. These sculptures represent various animals native to the region, including a snake, turtle, and catfish.

Flora and Fauna

The park is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. The flora includes various types of oak, hickory, and maple trees, as well as numerous wildflowers. The fauna includes white-tailed deer, red foxes, and a variety of bird species such as bald eagles and great blue herons.

Conservation Efforts

Buffalo Rock State Park is actively involved in conservation efforts to preserve the natural habitat and biodiversity of the area. The park participates in various programs aimed at protecting endangered species and restoring native plant communities.

Related Pages

• Illinois River
• Ottawa, Illinois
• Illinois Department of Natural Resources
• Pleistocene
• St. Peter Sandstone
• Illinois Confederation
• Potawatomi
• Louis Jolliet
• Jacques Marquette
• American Bison
• Effigy Tumuli
• Michael Heizer