Butethal

Butethal is a barbiturate derivative that was developed in the mid-20th century. It is known for its sedative and hypnotic properties, making it useful in the treatment of insomnia and as a pre-anesthetic agent.

Chemical Properties

Butethal, chemically known as 5-ethyl-5-(2-bromophenyl)barbituric acid, belongs to the class of barbiturates, which are derivatives of barbituric acid. The molecular structure of Butethal includes a bromine atom, which distinguishes it from other barbiturates.

Pharmacology

Butethal acts on the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This action results in increased GABAergic inhibition, leading to sedative and hypnotic effects. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidneys.

Medical Uses

Butethal has been used primarily for its sedative and hypnotic effects. It is effective in the short-term treatment of insomnia and can be used as a pre-anesthetic to calm patients before surgery. However, due to the risk of dependence and the availability of safer alternatives, its use has declined.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Butethal include drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. In higher doses, it can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and coma. Long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.

Regulation and Legal Status

Due to its potential for abuse and dependence, Butethal is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Its use is strictly regulated, and it is generally prescribed only when other treatments are ineffective.

Related Compounds

Butethal is related to other barbiturates such as phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital. These compounds share similar mechanisms of action but differ in their pharmacokinetic properties and clinical uses.

See Also

• Barbiturate
• Sedative
• Hypnotic
• Insomnia
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Central nervous system