Butyl acetate

Butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₂. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet, fruity smell that is commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Butyl acetate is also used in the manufacture of adhesives, plastics, and textiles, as well as being a flavoring agent in food and a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.

Properties

Butyl acetate is a member of the acetate esters family, formed by the reaction of butanol with acetic acid in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. It is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and benzene. The compound has a boiling point of 126°C and a melting point of -78°C.

Production

The industrial production of butyl acetate typically involves the esterification of acetic acid with butanol. This reaction is catalyzed by sulfuric acid or other strong acids. The process can be carried out in a batch or continuous system, depending on the scale and requirements of the production.

Uses

Butyl acetate's primary use is as a solvent in the production of paints and coatings. Its high solvency and fast evaporation rate make it ideal for use in quick-drying lacquers and enamels. It is also used as a solvent in the production of plastics, leather, and textiles, and as an extraction solvent in the processing of pharmaceuticals and natural products.

In the food industry, butyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent, imparting a fruity flavor to products. It is also used in the fragrance industry as a component of perfumes and as a solvent for the extraction of essential oils.

Health and Safety

Exposure to butyl acetate can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, and headache. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Skin contact can cause irritation and dermatitis.

Proper safety measures should be taken when handling butyl acetate, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators. Adequate ventilation should be maintained in areas where butyl acetate is used to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Environmental Impact

Butyl acetate is considered to have a low potential for bioaccumulation and is readily biodegradable. However, releases into the environment should be avoided due to its volatility and potential to contribute to the formation of photochemical smog in the atmosphere.

Regulation

Butyl acetate is regulated under various chemical control laws worldwide. In the United States, it is subject to reporting requirements under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the European Union, it is regulated under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation.

See Also

• Esterification
• Solvent
• Volatile organic compound