CD45RO

CD45RO is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTPRC gene. It is also known as the leukocyte common antigen or LCA. CD45RO is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which is known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

CD45RO protein structure

Structure

CD45RO is a transmembrane protein that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. It is a type I transmembrane protein with a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain contains two fibronectin type III repeats and a C-type lectin-like domain. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tandemly repeated protein tyrosine phosphatase domains.

Function

CD45RO functions as a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, and it is involved in a variety of cellular processes. It plays a critical role in T and B cell antigen receptor signaling. It is also involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells.

CD45RO is expressed on memory T cells and is used as a marker to distinguish between naive and memory T cells. It is also expressed on monocytes, granulocytes, and dendritic cells.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the expression of CD45RO have been associated with various diseases. For example, increased expression of CD45RO has been observed in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, CD45RO has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, as it is often overexpressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

See also

• CD45
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase
• T cell
• B cell
• Antigen receptor signaling