CXCR6
CXCR6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR6 gene. It is a member of the chemokine receptor family, which are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in the immune system by mediating the migration and activation of cells. CXCR6 is also known as Bonzo.
Structure[edit | edit source]
CXCR6 is a seven-transmembrane receptor, characteristic of the GPCR family. It is composed of an extracellular N-terminus, seven transmembrane helices, three extracellular loops, three intracellular loops, and an intracellular C-terminus. The structure allows it to interact with its ligand, CXCL16, and transduce signals inside the cell.
Function[edit | edit source]
CXCR6 primarily binds to the chemokine CXCL16. This interaction plays a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the migration of T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation or injury. CXCR6 is also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and HIV infection.
Expression[edit | edit source]
CXCR6 is expressed on various cell types, including T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. It is also found in certain tissues such as the liver, lung, and spleen.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
The CXCR6-CXCL16 axis has been implicated in several pathological conditions. In cancer, CXCR6 expression is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. In atherosclerosis, it contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, CXCR6 serves as a co-receptor for certain strains of HIV, facilitating viral entry into host cells.
Research[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed mechanisms of CXCR6 in various diseases and exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of CXCR6 are being investigated for their potential to treat inflammatory diseases and prevent cancer metastasis.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Chemokine receptor
- G protein-coupled receptor
- CXCL16
- Immune response
- T cell
- Natural killer cell
- Dendritic cell
- Cancer
- Atherosclerosis
- HIV
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