Calcium cyanamide

Calcium cyanamide chemical structure Calcium cyanamide is a chemical compound with the formula CaCN₂. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in agriculture as a nitrogen fertilizer. Calcium cyanamide is also known by its trade name nitrolime.

Properties

Calcium cyanamide has a molecular weight of 80.11 g/mol and a melting point of 1,100 °C. It is highly soluble in water and reacts with moisture to release ammonia gas. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when exposed to strong acids or oxidizing agents.

Production

Calcium cyanamide is primarily produced by the reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas at high temperatures. The reaction takes place in an electric furnace and is represented by the following equation:

CaC₂ + N₂ → CaCN₂ + C

The resulting calcium cyanamide is then purified and processed into various forms for commercial use.

Uses

Calcium cyanamide is mainly used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture. It provides a slow-release source of nitrogen, which promotes plant growth and improves soil fertility. The compound also acts as a herbicide, inhibiting the growth of weeds and other unwanted plants.

In addition to its agricultural applications, calcium cyanamide is used in the production of various chemicals. It is a precursor for the synthesis of guanidine, a compound used in the pharmaceutical industry. Calcium cyanamide is also employed in the manufacturing of cyanide compounds, such as sodium cyanide.

Safety

Calcium cyanamide is toxic if ingested or inhaled. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper protective measures, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this compound. In case of exposure, immediate medical attention is necessary.

See Also

• Calcium carbide
• Nitrogen fertilizer
• Guanidine
• Sodium cyanide