Cancer of the vulva

Cancer of the vulva or vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia. It is a relatively rare disease, accounting for about 0.6% of all cancers in women.

Types

There are several types of vulvar cancer, which are classified based on the type of cells that become cancerous. The most common types include:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of vulvar cancer, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It begins in the thin, flat cells that line the surface of the vulva.

• Melanoma: This type of vulvar cancer begins in the pigment-producing cells in the vulva.

• Adenocarcinoma: This type of vulvar cancer begins in the cells of the glands that line the vulva.

Symptoms

Symptoms of vulvar cancer can vary, but may include:

• A lump or growth on the vulva that often causes pain or itching
• Changes in the color or skin of the vulva
• Bleeding or discharge not related to the normal menstrual cycle
• Persistent itching, pain, soreness or burning in the vulvar area

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase a woman's risk of developing vulvar cancer, including:

• Age: The risk of vulvar cancer increases with age. Most cases are diagnosed in women over age 60.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain types of HPV, a sexually transmitted infection, can cause changes in the cells of the vulva that may lead to cancer.
• Smoking: Women who smoke are at a higher risk of developing vulvar cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for vulvar cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for vulvar cancer include regular gynecological exams, vaccination against HPV, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking and unprotected sex.