Capsicum cultivars

Capsicum cultivars are a group of plants in the Capsicum genus that have been selectively bred for specific characteristics. These cultivars are primarily grown for their fruit, which is used in a variety of culinary applications.

Overview

Capsicum is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The fruit of Capsicum plants are commonly known as peppers. The term "capsicum" also refers to the fruit of these plants, particularly the bell pepper, while the other types are often referred to as "chili peppers".

Capsicum cultivars are grown worldwide and have been a part of human diets since about 7,500 BC. They are used in many different types of cuisine and are known for their varied levels of heat, which is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU).

Types of Capsicum Cultivars

There are five domesticated species of Capsicum: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum pubescens. Each species contains numerous cultivars, each with its own unique characteristics.

Capsicum annuum

Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated and commercially important species. It includes a variety of cultivars such as the bell pepper, jalapeno, and cayenne pepper.

Capsicum baccatum

Capsicum baccatum is known for its distinctive, fruity flavor. Cultivars of this species include the aji amarillo, which is a staple of Peruvian cuisine.

Capsicum chinense

Capsicum chinense cultivars are known for their extreme heat. This species includes the habanero and the ghost pepper, which is one of the hottest peppers in the world.

Capsicum frutescens

Capsicum frutescens cultivars are often used in Asian cuisine. This species includes the tabasco pepper, which is used to make the popular Tabasco sauce.

Capsicum pubescens

Capsicum pubescens is unique among Capsicum species for its hairy leaves, hence the name pubescens, which means "hairy". Cultivars of this species include the rocoto pepper.

Cultivation

Capsicum cultivars are grown in different conditions depending on the specific cultivar. However, most Capsicum plants prefer a warm, sunny environment. They are typically started indoors and then transplanted outside after the last frost.

Uses

Capsicum cultivars are used in a variety of culinary applications. They can be eaten fresh, cooked, or dried and ground into a spice. Some cultivars are also used to make hot sauce.