Catarrh

An overview of catarrh, its causes, symptoms, and management

Catarrh

An advertisement for a catarrh remedy from the early 20th century

Catarrh is a condition characterized by excessive mucus production in the airways or cavities of the body, often leading to congestion and discomfort. It is commonly associated with inflammation of the mucous membranes, particularly in the nose and throat.

Causes

Catarrh can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infections: Viral infections such as the common cold or influenza are frequent causes of catarrh.
• Allergies: Allergic reactions to substances like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander can lead to catarrh.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to smoke, pollution, or dry air can irritate the mucous membranes and cause catarrh.
• Chronic conditions: Conditions such as chronic sinusitis or rhinitis can result in persistent catarrh.

Symptoms

The symptoms of catarrh can vary depending on the underlying cause but typically include:

• Nasal congestion
• Runny nose
• Post-nasal drip
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Headache
• Earache

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of catarrh is usually based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. A physical examination may be conducted to assess the extent of mucus production and inflammation. In some cases, additional tests such as allergy testing or imaging studies may be required to identify the underlying cause.

Management

Management of catarrh involves addressing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms. Common approaches include:

• Decongestants: Medications that reduce nasal congestion and improve airflow.
• Antihistamines: Used to treat catarrh caused by allergies.
• Nasal sprays: Saline sprays or steroid sprays can help reduce inflammation and mucus production.
• Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam can help loosen mucus and relieve congestion.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids can thin mucus and ease symptoms.

Prevention

Preventive measures for catarrh include:

• Avoiding known allergens
• Maintaining good hygiene to prevent infections
• Using a humidifier to keep air moist
• Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke and other irritants

Related pages

• Common cold
• Influenza
• Allergic rhinitis
• Sinusitis