Cephalonia

Melissani-exc

Kastro Kefalonia church

Meeresmühlen-argostoli

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Lixouri 1910

Royal Air Force Operations in Malta, Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, 1940-1945. C3822

Cephalonia or Kefalonia (Greek: Κεφαλονιά or Κεφαλλονιά) is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece. It is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, including Mount Ainos, one of the tallest mountains in the Ionian islands, covered with a unique species of fir trees (Abies cephalonica), and its breathtaking beaches, such as Myrtos Beach, which is often listed among the most beautiful beaches in the world.

Geography

Cephalonia is located in the western part of Greece, in the Ionian Sea. The island has a rugged terrain, with Mount Ainos reaching an elevation of 1,628 meters (5,341 feet), making it a prominent feature of the island's geography. The coastline of Cephalonia is jagged, offering many secluded bays and beautiful beaches. The island is also home to a number of caves, including the Melissani Cave, a subterranean lake where sunlight creates a magical blue glowing effect on the cave walls and water.

History

The history of Cephalonia is rich and varied. The island has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and its strategic location in the Ionian Sea has made it a valuable asset for various civilizations over the centuries, including the Mycenaeans, the Romans, and the Byzantines. In the Middle Ages, Cephalonia was a part of the Byzantine Empire, and later it came under the rule of the Venetian Republic, which left a significant architectural and cultural imprint on the island. The Venetian influence is evident in the island's fortresses and the unique Venetian-style architecture found in many of its towns and villages.

Economy

The economy of Cephalonia is primarily based on tourism, agriculture, and fishing. The island's stunning natural beauty, historical sites, and warm climate attract visitors from around the world. Agriculture also plays a significant role in the local economy, with olive oil, wine, and honey being some of the main products. The Robola wine, a unique variety produced only in Cephalonia, is particularly renowned.

Culture

Cephalonia has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional music, dance, and festivals playing an integral part in the island's social life. The Kefalonian serenades are a well-known musical tradition, featuring romantic songs performed with guitars and mandolins. The island also has a strong literary tradition, with many Greek writers and poets hailing from Cephalonia.

Tourism

Tourism is a vital part of Cephalonia's economy, with the island offering a wide range of attractions for visitors. From the stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters to the ancient ruins and picturesque villages, Cephalonia has something for everyone. The island is also a popular destination for outdoor activities, including hiking, caving, and water sports.

Transport

Cephalonia is well-connected to the mainland and other islands by ferry and has an international airport, Cephalonia International Airport, which offers flights to and from major cities in Europe during the tourist season.

See also

• Ionian Islands
• Greek cuisine
• Greek mythology