Cerebral angiography

Cerebral angiography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the blood vessels in and around the brain. This procedure is primarily used to detect abnormalities such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, stenosis, and other vascular conditions.

Procedure

Cerebral angiography involves the insertion of a catheter into a large artery, typically the femoral artery in the groin. The catheter is then guided through the vascular system to the arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualize the blood flow in the cerebral arteries.

Preparation

Before the procedure, patients may be required to undergo a series of tests, including blood tests and imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI. Patients are usually advised to fast for several hours before the procedure and may be given a mild sedative to help them relax.

During the Procedure

The patient is positioned on an X-ray table, and the insertion site is cleaned and numbed with a local anesthetic. The catheter is inserted and carefully navigated to the target area. Once the catheter is in place, the contrast dye is injected, and a series of X-ray images are taken. The entire procedure typically takes about one to two hours.

Post-Procedure Care

After the procedure, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to prevent bleeding. Patients are usually monitored for several hours to ensure there are no complications. They may be advised to avoid strenuous activities for a few days.

Indications

Cerebral angiography is indicated for the diagnosis and evaluation of various conditions, including:

• Aneurysms
• Arteriovenous malformations
• Stenosis or narrowing of the blood vessels
• Stroke
• Tumors affecting the blood vessels

Risks and Complications

While cerebral angiography is generally safe, it carries some risks, including:

• Allergic reaction to the contrast dye
• Bleeding or hematoma at the insertion site
• Infection
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Kidney damage from the contrast dye

Alternatives

Non-invasive alternatives to cerebral angiography include:

• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Computed tomography angiography (CTA)

These techniques use advanced imaging technology to visualize the blood vessels without the need for catheter insertion.

History

Cerebral angiography was first developed in the early 20th century and has since evolved with advancements in imaging technology and techniques. It remains a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular diseases.

See Also

• Neuroimaging
• Interventional radiology
• Vascular surgery
• Stroke