Cervical incompetence

Cervical incompetence is a medical condition in pregnancy where the cervix of a pregnant woman dilates prematurely, leading to potential miscarriage or preterm birth. This condition is also known as insufficient cervix or weak cervix.

Definition[edit | edit source]

Cervical incompetence is characterized by the painless dilation of the cervix without contractions due to a structural or functional defect in the cervix. This condition typically occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy, but can occur anytime from 14 to 20 weeks of gestation.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of cervical incompetence is unknown, but several factors have been associated with the condition. These include previous cervical surgery, damage during a difficult birth, congenital conditions, and exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES). Other risk factors include multiple gestation, polyhydramnios, and certain infections.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of cervical incompetence is challenging as the condition is often asymptomatic until a premature birth or miscarriage occurs. However, certain diagnostic methods such as transvaginal ultrasound and hysterosalpingogram (HSG) can be used to assess the length and shape of the cervix.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for cervical incompetence aims to prevent premature birth and includes both surgical and non-surgical options. The most common surgical treatment is a procedure known as cerclage, where a stitch is placed around the cervix to keep it closed. Non-surgical treatments include bed rest, pelvic rest, and the use of progesterone.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

With appropriate treatment, most women with cervical incompetence can carry a pregnancy to term. However, the condition does increase the risk of premature birth and repeated miscarriages.