Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Circumflex artery of heart

Coronary arteries

Cardiac vessels

Human heart with coronary arteries new

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Heart coronary territories

Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (often abbreviated as LCx) is a vital artery that supplies blood to the heart. It is one of the two main branches of the left coronary artery (LCA), the other being the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The LCx plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system, providing oxygenated blood to the myocardium (heart muscle), particularly the left atrium and the lateral and posterior surfaces of the left ventricle.

Anatomy

The circumflex artery originates from the left coronary artery, which emerges from the aorta just above the aortic valve. After its origin, the LCx courses along the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus), encircling the heart to the left side, giving off several branches, including the obtuse marginal arteries which supply blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle.

In terms of dominance, the coronary artery system can be classified based on which artery supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA). In most individuals, the right coronary artery (RCA) is dominant, but in about 10-20% of the population, the LCx is dominant, meaning it extends to supply the PDA.

Clinical Significance

The LCx is subject to various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack). Conditions affecting the LCx can result in decreased blood flow to the myocardium, leading to angina pectoris (chest pain) and other serious complications.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are common treatments for significant blockages in the LCx and other coronary arteries. These procedures aim to restore adequate blood flow to the affected regions of the heart.

Diagnostic Tools

Imaging techniques such as coronary angiography are crucial for visualizing the anatomy of the LCx and diagnosing blockages or other abnormalities. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also provide valuable information about the heart's blood supply, including the status of the LCx.

See Also

• Heart
• Coronary circulation
• Coronary artery disease
• Percutaneous coronary intervention
• Coronary artery bypass grafting