Coconut

Tropical tree species

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Illustration of Cocos nucifera

The coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The term "coconut" can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut.

Description

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A coconut split open to reveal the inner flesh and water

The coconut palm is a large palm, growing up to 30 meters (98 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6 meters (13–20 feet) long. Old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. The term "coconut" refers to the fruit of the coconut palm, which is a large, green, oval-shaped drupe.

The exocarp, or outermost layer, is smooth and green, turning brown as it matures. Beneath the exocarp is the fibrous husk, or mesocarp, which surrounds the hard shell, or endocarp, that houses the seed. Inside the shell is the coconut "meat" or endosperm, and the coconut water.

Distribution

Coconut palm leaves

Coconuts are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, and are particularly associated with coastal areas. They are believed to have originated in the Indo-Pacific region, but their exact origin is still debated. The coconut's ability to float and resist saltwater allows it to spread across oceans, making it a highly successful species in tropical regions.

Cultivation

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Coconut palms in a plantation

Coconut palms are cultivated in more than 90 countries, with a total production of over 60 million tonnes per year. The leading producers include Indonesia, Philippines, and India. The palms thrive in sandy soils and require high humidity and regular rainfall.

Uses

Coconuts ready for harvest

Coconuts are highly versatile and are used for their water, milk, oil, and meat. Coconut water is a popular beverage, while coconut milk and oil are used in cooking and cosmetics. The husk and leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decorating.

Cultural Significance

Coconuts hold cultural significance in many societies, particularly in tropical regions. They are often used in religious ceremonies and are a symbol of prosperity and fertility. In Hinduism, coconuts are offered to deities during worship.

Related pages

• Palm oil
• Arecaceae
• Tropical agriculture

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Close-up of the exocarp of a coconut

Gallery

• Coconut palms in the Philippines

• Coconuts growing on a palm