Cocos (Keeling) Islands

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Lagoon Beach (25152057091)

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Cocos (Keeling) Islands-CIA WFB Map

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Cocos Islands 1889

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AMH-5134-NA Compass chart of the Kokos islands

Cocos (Keeling) Islands are a small group of coral atolls in the Indian Ocean, a territory of Australia. They are located approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka, closer to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The islands are noted for their beautiful white-sand beaches, clear waters, and abundant marine life, making them a popular destination for diving, snorkeling, and bird watching.

History

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands were first discovered in 1609 by William Keeling, a captain sailing for the British East India Company. However, the islands were not permanently settled until the early 19th century by an Englishman named Alexander Hare, and later by John Clunies-Ross, a Scottish merchant. The Clunies-Ross family administered the islands as a private fiefdom for nearly 150 years, with the economy largely based on coconut plantation and the production of copra.

In 1955, the islands were transferred from British to Australian control. Today, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are a non-self-governing external territory of Australia, administered by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications of the Australian Government.

Geography

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands consist of two atolls and 27 coral islands, of which only two, West Island and Home Island, are inhabited. The total land area is approximately 14 square kilometers. The islands are surrounded by a large fringing reef that supports a rich variety of marine life.

The climate is tropical, with temperatures remaining relatively constant throughout the year. The islands experience two main seasons: a dry season and a wet season, with the latter bringing most of the annual rainfall.

Demographics

The population of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is small, comprising mainly of Cocos Malays, who are descendants of the original settlers brought to the islands by Alexander Hare and John Clunies-Ross. English is the official language, but many residents also speak Cocos Malay.

Economy

The economy of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is small, with limited natural resources. The main economic activities include small-scale agriculture, which focuses on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, and tourism, which has been growing in importance. The Australian government also provides financial support to the territory.

Government

As an external territory of Australia, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands do not have the same level of self-governance as Australian states and territories. The local government is responsible for providing municipal services, while the Australian government manages defense, foreign affairs, and financial matters. The islands have a Shire Council, and residents can vote in Australian federal elections.

Culture

The culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is a blend of the original Cocos Malay inhabitants and influences from Australia. Traditional music, dance, and cuisine are an important part of life on the islands. Religious and cultural festivals, particularly those related to Islam, play a significant role in the community.

Tourism

Tourism is an increasingly important part of the economy, with visitors attracted to the islands' pristine beaches, excellent diving and snorkeling conditions, and the opportunity to observe unique wildlife. The islands offer a range of accommodation options, from eco-friendly lodges to guesthouses.

Conservation

The unique ecosystems of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, both marine and terrestrial, are protected by Australian law. The Pulu Keeling National Park, located on the uninhabited North Keeling Island, is a significant conservation area, home to rare bird species and marine life.