Colorectal

Colorectal refers to the colon and rectum, which are parts of the gastrointestinal tract in the human body. The colon is the last part of the digestive system, and the rectum is the end of the colon adjacent to the anus. Together, they form a long, muscular tube that plays a vital role in the body's ability to process food and eliminate waste.

Anatomy

The colon is approximately 5 feet long and is divided into four parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. The rectum is the final straight section of the large intestine, measuring approximately 12 cm, which ends at the anus.

Function

The primary function of the colorectal region is to store and eliminate waste material. As part of the digestive system, it also absorbs water and electrolytes, creating stool from the waste products that are left after digestion.

Colorectal Health

Maintaining colorectal health is crucial as several diseases and conditions can affect this region. These include colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps, colitis, and Crohn's disease. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopy, are recommended to prevent colorectal cancer, especially for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of the disease.

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States. The cancer starts when polyps, which are benign growths, form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum and then become malignant over time. Symptoms of colorectal cancer include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment options for colorectal cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

See Also

• Digestive system
• Colon (anatomy)
• Rectum
• Colorectal cancer
• Colonoscopy