Combined hormonal birth control

Combined Hormonal Birth Control

Combined hormonal birth control (CHC) refers to contraceptive methods that contain both estrogen and progestin hormones. These methods are widely used for preventing pregnancy and managing various medical conditions. CHC is available in several forms, including oral contraceptive pills, transdermal patches, and vaginal rings.

Mechanism of Action

CHC works primarily by inhibiting ovulation. The estrogen component suppresses the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), preventing the development of a dominant follicle. The progestin component inhibits the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, which is necessary for ovulation. Additionally, CHC thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, and alters the endometrial lining, reducing the likelihood of implantation.

Forms of Combined Hormonal Birth Control

Oral Contraceptive Pills

Oral contraceptive pills are taken daily and are the most common form of CHC. They are available in various formulations, including monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic, which differ in the hormone levels throughout the cycle.

Transdermal Patch

The transdermal patch is applied to the skin and releases hormones into the bloodstream. It is typically replaced weekly for three weeks, followed by a patch-free week.

Vaginal Ring

The vaginal ring is a flexible device inserted into the vagina, where it releases hormones locally. It is usually left in place for three weeks, followed by a ring-free week.

Benefits

CHC offers several benefits beyond contraception, including regulation of menstrual cycles, reduction in menstrual cramps, and decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. It is also used to treat acne and manage symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Risks and Side Effects

While CHC is generally safe for most women, it carries some risks, particularly for smokers over the age of 35 and those with certain medical conditions. Potential side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes. More serious risks include an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and hypertension.

Contraindications

CHC is contraindicated in women with a history of thromboembolic disorders, certain types of cancers, uncontrolled hypertension, and liver disease. It is important for healthcare providers to assess individual risk factors before prescribing CHC.

Also see

• Progestin-only birth control
• Intrauterine device
• Barrier methods of contraception
• Emergency contraception

• Birth control
• Contraception
• Dictionary of birth control
• Reproductive health