Compulsory sterilisation in Sweden

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Compulsory sterilisation in Sweden refers to the period between 1935 and 1975 when the Swedish government enacted laws that allowed the state to forcibly sterilize certain individuals as part of a eugenics program. This program aimed to improve the Swedish population's genetic quality by preventing those deemed unfit from reproducing. The practice of compulsory sterilisation has been a subject of controversy and ethical scrutiny, leading to public apologies and compensation programs in later years.

Background

The concept of eugenics emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for the improvement of the human race through selective breeding. Sweden, influenced by eugenic theories, began to implement policies aimed at controlling the reproduction of its population. The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century, culminating in the enactment of sterilisation laws.

Legislation

In 1934, the Swedish parliament passed the first sterilisation act, which came into effect in 1935. This law allowed for voluntary sterilisation under certain conditions. However, in 1941, a second law was introduced, expanding the scope to include compulsory sterilisation. Under these laws, individuals could be sterilised without their consent if they were deemed to be mentally deficient, suffering from a hereditary disease, or otherwise considered unsuitable for reproduction. The criteria for sterilisation were broad and could include social factors, such as poverty or promiscuity.

Implementation

Over the course of these laws' application, it is estimated that approximately 63,000 individuals were sterilised in Sweden, with a significant proportion of these procedures being carried out without the consent of the individuals involved. The majority of those sterilised were women, reflecting broader gender biases and societal views on the role of women in reproduction and child-rearing.

Criticism and Repeal

The practice of compulsory sterilisation began to face criticism in the latter half of the 20th century, as ethical and moral concerns were raised about the violation of human rights and bodily autonomy. The laws were eventually repealed in 1976, marking the end of legal compulsory sterilisation in Sweden.

Aftermath

In the years following the repeal of sterilisation laws, the Swedish government has taken steps to address the injustices of the past. This has included public apologies to the victims of compulsory sterilisation and the establishment of compensation programs. The issue of compulsory sterilisation has also sparked broader discussions on eugenics, human rights, and the role of the state in regulating reproduction.

See Also

• Eugenics
• Human rights in Sweden
• Reproductive rights
• Sterilisation (medicine)