Condyloid joint

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Condyloid joint

A condyloid joint, also known as an ellipsoidal joint, is a type of synovial joint in which an ovoid articular surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. However, it does not allow for axial rotation.

Structure

The condyloid joint is characterized by the presence of an oval-shaped condyle that fits into a corresponding elliptical cavity. This structure allows for a wide range of motion, although it restricts rotational movement. The articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones involved in the joint reduces friction and absorbs shock.

Function

Condyloid joints are designed to facilitate movement in two planes:

• **Flexion and extension**: Movement that decreases or increases the angle between the bones.
• **Abduction and adduction**: Movement away from or towards the midline of the body.
• **Circumduction**: A conical movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Examples

Common examples of condyloid joints in the human body include:

• The wrist joint (radiocarpal joint) between the radius and the carpal bones.
• The metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckle joints) between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges of the fingers.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or conditions affecting condyloid joints can lead to pain, reduced mobility, and functional impairment. Common issues include:

• Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of the articular cartilage.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that affects the synovial membrane.
• Sprains: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments supporting the joint.

See Also

• Joint
• Synovial joint
• Ball and socket joint
• Hinge joint
• Pivot joint
• Saddle joint
• Plane joint