Congenital clasped thumb

Congenital clasped thumb right

Congenital clasped thumb is a condition present at birth, characterized by the inability to extend the thumb at the interphalangeal joint or the metacarpophalangeal joint, leading to a flexed or "clasped" appearance. This condition can occur in one or both thumbs and is part of a spectrum of congenital hand deformities. The clasped thumb may be due to abnormalities in the muscles, tendons, bones, or joints of the thumb.

Causes

The exact cause of congenital clasped thumb is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. It can occur as an isolated condition or as part of a syndrome, such as Holt-Oram syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, or Fanconi anemia. In some cases, it is associated with underdevelopment or absence of the muscles that extend the thumb.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of a congenital clasped thumb is the inability to straighten the thumb, leading to a flexed position. This may be accompanied by weakness, limited motion, and in some cases, other hand anomalies. The severity of the condition can vary, with some individuals experiencing minimal impact on hand function, while others may have significant limitations.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of congenital clasped thumb typically involves a physical examination and a detailed medical history. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI, may be used to assess the structure of the thumb and identify any associated abnormalities. In some cases, genetic testing may be recommended to determine if the condition is part of a syndrome.

Treatment

Treatment for congenital clasped thumb depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated abnormalities. In mild cases, physical therapy and splinting may be sufficient to improve thumb position and function. For more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to release or reconstruct the affected tendons and joints. Surgical intervention is usually recommended after the age of one year to allow for initial growth and development of the hand.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with congenital clasped thumb varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With early intervention, most individuals can achieve improved thumb function and appearance. However, some may continue to experience limitations in thumb movement and strength.

See Also

• Congenital hand deformities
• Holt-Oram syndrome
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Fanconi anemia