Congenital lobar emphysema

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), also known as infantile lobar emphysema, is a rare lung disease that affects infants. It is characterized by over-inflation of one or more lobes of the lungs, which can cause respiratory distress.

Causes

The exact cause of CLE is unknown. However, it is believed to be due to a blockage of the bronchus or bronchi, which prevents air from leaving the lungs. This can lead to over-inflation of the affected lobe(s). In some cases, CLE may be associated with other congenital anomalies.

Symptoms

The symptoms of CLE usually appear within the first few months of life. They may include:

• Respiratory distress
• Cyanosis (bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen)
• Cough
• Wheezing
• Rapid breathing
• Difficulty feeding

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of CLE is usually made based on the symptoms and findings on imaging studies. A chest X-ray may show over-inflation of one or more lobes of the lungs. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest may also be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of CLE usually involves surgery to remove the over-inflated lobe(s). This can help to relieve the respiratory distress and improve the child's breathing. In some cases, other treatments may be needed to manage the symptoms and complications of CLE.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with CLE is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, some children may have long-term respiratory problems or other complications.

See also

• Emphysema
• Bronchus
• Lung disease
• Congenital anomalies

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