Copper poisoning

Copper poisoning is a type of metal toxicity specifically caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays a significant role in the health of the human body. It is involved in the formation of red blood cells, the absorption and utilization of iron, the development and maintenance of bone and connective tissue, and the production of melanin and myelin. However, when copper accumulates at toxic levels, it can lead to poisoning.

Causes

Copper poisoning can occur through various pathways including ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Common sources of exposure include:

• Consumption of contaminated water due to corroded copper pipes
• Use of certain pesticides that contain copper compounds
• Long-term exposure to copper dust or fumes in industrial settings
• Ingestion of high levels of copper from dietary supplements or foods stored in copper-containing containers

Symptoms

The symptoms of copper poisoning can vary depending on the level and duration of exposure. Acute symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

Chronic exposure to copper can lead to more severe health issues such as:

• Liver damage or failure
• Kidney damage
• Neurological disorders, including Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder that prevents the body from eliminating excess copper

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of copper poisoning involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood and urine tests can measure the levels of copper, while liver function tests can assess the damage to the liver. In some cases, a biopsy of the liver may be necessary to determine the extent of copper accumulation.

Treatment

Treatment for copper poisoning focuses on removing the excess copper from the body and preventing further exposure. Methods include:

• Chelation therapy, using medications that bind to copper and help remove it from the body
• Medications to treat symptoms such as nausea and vomiting
• Avoiding sources of copper exposure
• In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary

Prevention

Preventing copper poisoning involves minimizing exposure to copper. This can include:

• Using water filters that remove copper
• Ensuring that copper pipes in homes are not corroded
• Following safety guidelines when handling copper or copper-containing products in industrial settings