Costal breathing

Breathing technique involving the movement of the rib cage

Costal breathing, also known as thoracic breathing, is a type of breathing that primarily involves the movement of the rib cage and the intercostal muscles. This form of breathing is distinct from diaphragmatic breathing, which primarily involves the diaphragm.

Physiology

Costal breathing is characterized by the expansion and contraction of the rib cage. During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles contract, causing the ribs to move upward and outward. This movement increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, reducing the pressure inside the lungs and allowing air to flow in. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles relax, and the ribs move downward and inward, decreasing the thoracic volume and expelling air from the lungs.

The primary muscles involved in costal breathing include:

• The external intercostal muscles, which elevate the ribs during inhalation.
• The internal intercostal muscles, which assist in forced exhalation by depressing the ribs.

Clinical Significance

Costal breathing is often observed in situations where the diaphragm is restricted or when increased ventilation is required, such as during exercise or in certain respiratory conditions. It can also be a compensatory mechanism in individuals with diaphragmatic dysfunction.

In some cases, reliance on costal breathing can lead to inefficient breathing patterns and may contribute to conditions such as hyperventilation syndrome. It is important for healthcare providers to assess breathing patterns in patients and provide appropriate interventions when necessary.

Comparison with Diaphragmatic Breathing

While costal breathing involves the rib cage, diaphragmatic breathing primarily involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic breathing is generally more efficient for gas exchange and is often encouraged in breathing exercises and pulmonary rehabilitation.

Also see

• Diaphragmatic breathing
• Respiratory system
• Intercostal muscles
• Pulmonary ventilation