Cozaar

Losartan structure.svg

Cozaar is a medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. It is a type of drug known as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which helps to prevent the blood vessels from narrowing, thus improving blood flow and lowering blood pressure. Cozaar is the brand name for the generic drug losartan potassium.

Medical uses

Cozaar is used to treat several conditions:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Heart failure
• Protecting the kidneys from damage due to diabetes

Mechanism of action

Cozaar works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to tighten and narrow. By blocking the receptors that angiotensin II acts on, Cozaar helps to relax blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

Side effects

Common side effects of Cozaar include:

• Dizziness
• Back pain
• Nasal congestion
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea

Serious side effects may include:

• Kidney problems
• High potassium levels
• Low blood pressure

Patients are advised to discuss any side effects or concerns with their healthcare provider.

Pharmacology

1. 1. 1. Pharmacodynamics

Cozaar selectively inhibits the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), which is responsible for the adverse effects of angiotensin II on the cardiovascular system.

1. 1. 1. Pharmacokinetics

The absorption of Cozaar is not significantly affected by food, and it has a bioavailability of about 32%. It is highly bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin. The drug is metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes, and its metabolites are excreted both in urine and feces.

History

Cozaar was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist to be marketed. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995 for the treatment of hypertension.

See also

• Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
• Hypertension
• Heart failure