Ctenizidae

Corsican Trapdoor Spider (Cteniza sauvagesi) (16586173944)

Ctenizidae, commonly known as trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders that are distinguished by their unique method of hunting. Members of this family are known for constructing burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of silk, soil, and plant material. This article provides an overview of the Ctenizidae family, including their habitat, behavior, and taxonomy.

Habitat

Ctenizidae spiders are found in warm regions around the world, including parts of North America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. They prefer habitats that allow them to dig burrows, such as loose soil and sandy areas. These spiders are seldom seen outside their burrows, making them elusive to both predators and human observers.

Behavior

The primary behavior that distinguishes Ctenizidae from other spider families is their use of a trapdoor to capture prey. These spiders wait for prey while hidden inside their burrow, with the trapdoor slightly ajar. When an insect or other small creature approaches, the spider senses the vibrations and quickly opens the door to capture the prey before retreating back into the burrow.

Ctenizidae spiders are also known for their sexual dimorphism, with females generally being larger and living much longer than males. Males leave their burrows upon reaching maturity to search for females, which can make them more vulnerable to predators.

Taxonomy

The family Ctenizidae was first described by Eugène Simon in 1889. It is part of the order Araneae and the suborder Mygalomorphae, which includes spiders that have downward-pointing chelicerae and are considered to be among the most primitive of spiders.

Recent phylogenetic studies have led to changes in the classification within the family, with some genera being moved to other families within Mygalomorphae. The taxonomy of Ctenizidae continues to be a subject of scientific research and debate.

Genera

The family Ctenizidae includes several genera, among them are:

• Ummidia – Found in both the New World and the Old World.
• Cteniza – Native to Europe and Central Asia.
• Cyclocosmia – Known for their distinctive disc-shaped abdomens.

Conservation

The conservation status of many Ctenizidae species is not well-documented, due in part to their hidden lifestyle. However, habitat destruction and human encroachment are considered to be the main threats to their populations.

See Also

• Spider silk
• Mygalomorphae
• Arachnology