Cystosarcoma phyllodes

=Cystosarcoma Phyllodes = Cystosarcoma phyllodes, also known as phyllodes tumor, is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast. It is characterized by a leaf-like pattern of growth and can range from benign to malignant. This article provides a comprehensive overview of cystosarcoma phyllodes, including its Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis.

Pathophysiology

Cystosarcoma phyllodes tumors arise from the periductal stromal cells of the breast. They are part of a spectrum of fibroepithelial lesions that include fibroadenomas. The tumors are characterized by stromal overgrowth and a leaf-like architecture, which is reflected in their name, "phyllodes," meaning "leaf-like" in Greek.

Epidemiology

Phyllodes tumors are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. They can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in women between the ages of 40 and 50. Although rare, they can also occur in men.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with cystosarcoma phyllodes typically present with a palpable, rapidly growing breast mass. The mass is usually well-circumscribed and can vary in size. In some cases, the tumor may cause skin changes or ulceration if it grows large enough.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of phyllodes tumors is primarily based on histological examination. A core needle biopsy or excisional biopsy is performed to obtain tissue samples. Histologically, phyllodes tumors are classified into benign, borderline, and malignant based on stromal cellularity, atypia, mitotic activity, and the nature of the tumor margins.

Treatment

The primary treatment for cystosarcoma phyllodes is surgical excision with wide margins to reduce the risk of local recurrence. The extent of surgery may vary depending on the size and nature of the tumor. In some cases, a mastectomy may be necessary. Adjuvant therapies such as radiation or chemotherapy are not typically used, except in cases of malignant phyllodes tumors with high risk of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis of phyllodes tumors depends on their histological classification. Benign phyllodes tumors have an excellent prognosis with a low risk of recurrence. Borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors have a higher risk of local recurrence and, in rare cases, distant metastasis. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for recurrence.

See Also

• Fibroadenoma
• Breast Neoplasms
• Histopathology

External Links

• American Cancer Society: Breast Cancer
• National Center for Biotechnology Information

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Cystosarcoma phyllodes

Cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare disease.