Dehesa

Dehesa is a multifunctional, agrosylvopastoral system (a type of agroforestry) found in southern and central Spain and southern Portugal. It is derived from the Mediterranean forest ecosystem and is primarily used for grazing livestock. The dehesa system is characterized by a sparse tree cover, primarily of Holm Oak (Quercus ilex) and Cork Oak (Quercus suber), under which a diverse variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs grow.

History

The dehesa system has a long history, dating back to the Roman times. It was during the Roman Empire that the practice of clearing forests to create pastures for livestock was first introduced. This practice was continued by the Visigoths and the Moors, who further developed the system.

Ecology

The dehesa system is a unique example of a sustainable agroforestry system. The sparse tree cover provides shade for livestock, while the understory vegetation provides fodder. The trees themselves are also a source of resources, with the Holm Oak producing acorns that are used to feed pigs, and the Cork Oak being harvested for its bark, which is used to produce cork.

Economic Importance

The dehesa system is of significant economic importance in Spain and Portugal. It supports a variety of livestock, including cattle, sheep, and pigs, and is particularly renowned for the production of high-quality Iberian ham. The system also supports a variety of other economic activities, including hunting, beekeeping, and tourism.

Threats and Conservation

Despite its economic and ecological importance, the dehesa system is under threat from a variety of factors. These include changes in agricultural practices, rural depopulation, and diseases affecting the oak trees. Conservation efforts are underway to preserve and restore dehesa landscapes, with a focus on sustainable management practices.

See Also

• Silvopasture
• Agroforestry
• Iberian ham
• Cork production

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