Deliquescent

Deliquescent is a term used in chemistry to describe a substance that absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution. Deliquescence occurs when the vapor pressure of the solution that is formed is less than the partial pressure of water vapor in the air.

Process

The process of deliquescence involves the absorption of water from the surrounding atmosphere by a hygroscopic substance. This substance continues to absorb water until it has absorbed enough to dissolve and form a solution. This process is different from hygroscopy, which is the absorption of water by a substance without the formation of a solution.

Examples

Common examples of deliquescent substances include calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. These substances are often used as drying agents in laboratories and industries because they can effectively absorb moisture from the air.

Applications

Deliquescent substances have various applications in different fields. In the chemical industry, they are used as drying agents to remove moisture from gases and liquids. In the food industry, they are used to keep certain foods dry and to prevent them from clumping together. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used to maintain the moisture content of certain drugs and to prevent them from drying out.

See also

• Hygroscopy
• Efflorescence
• Humectant

References

Deliquescent Resources
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