Demodicosis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Demodicosis
Synonyms	Demodectic mange, red mange
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Dermatology, Veterinary medicine
Symptoms	Alopecia, erythema, scaling, pruritus
Complications	Secondary bacterial infection
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Demodex mites
Risks	Immunosuppression, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Skin scraping, trichoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Sarcoptic mange, allergic dermatitis, pyoderma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Amitraz, ivermectin, moxidectin, lime sulfur dip
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common in dogs, rare in humans
Deaths	N/A

Demodicosis in a canine

Demodex mite under a microscope

Demodicosis is a skin condition caused by the overgrowth of a type of mite known as Demodex. These mites are normally present on the skin of humans and animals, but in some cases, they can multiply excessively and cause various skin problems. This condition is also known as Demodex infestation or Demodex mite bite.

Causes

The exact cause of demodicosis is not known. However, it is believed that the condition may be triggered by a weakened immune system, which allows the Demodex mites to multiply uncontrollably. Other factors that may contribute to the development of demodicosis include poor hygiene, stress, and certain medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS and cancer.

Symptoms

The symptoms of demodicosis can vary depending on the severity of the infestation. Common symptoms include:

• Redness and inflammation of the skin
• Itching and discomfort
• Pimples and pustules
• Scaling and flaking of the skin
• Eyelash and eyebrow loss

In severe cases, demodicosis can lead to more serious skin conditions such as rosacea and blepharitis.

Diagnosis

Demodicosis is typically diagnosed through a skin biopsy. This involves taking a small sample of skin and examining it under a microscope to look for the presence of Demodex mites. Other diagnostic tests may include a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history.

Treatment

Treatment for demodicosis typically involves the use of topical medications to kill the Demodex mites. These may include creams, lotions, or shampoos containing ingredients such as permethrin, ivermectin, or metronidazole. In some cases, oral medications may also be prescribed. It's important to note that treatment may need to be continued for several weeks or months to ensure that all of the mites are eliminated.

Prevention

Prevention of demodicosis primarily involves maintaining good skin hygiene. This includes regular washing of the face and body, avoiding the use of harsh soaps and cleansers, and avoiding contact with individuals who have demodicosis. Additionally, individuals with weakened immune systems should take extra precautions to avoid contracting demodicosis.

See also

• Rosacea
• Blepharitis
• Mite

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