Dendrocnide moroides

Dendrocnide moroides foliage SF20326

Dendrocnide moroides, commonly known as the Gympie-Gympie, stinging tree, or suicide plant, is a member of the Urticaceae family. It is native to the rainforests of northeastern Australia, the Moluccas, and Indonesia. This plant is notorious for its extremely painful sting, which can cause severe pain lasting for days or even months.

Description

Dendrocnide moroides is a perennial shrub that can grow up to 3 meters in height. The leaves are large, heart-shaped, and covered with fine, needle-like hairs that contain a potent neurotoxin. The plant produces small, clustered flowers and bears small, fleshy fruits.

Habitat

This plant thrives in the tropical rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia, and can also be found in parts of Indonesia and the Moluccas. It prefers shaded, moist environments and is often found along forest edges and clearings.

Toxicity

The stinging hairs of Dendrocnide moroides contain a complex venom that includes moroidin, a potent neurotoxin. Contact with the plant can cause intense pain, swelling, and a burning sensation. In severe cases, the pain can persist for weeks or even months. The sting can also cause allergic reactions and, in rare cases, can be fatal.

First Aid and Treatment

Immediate treatment for contact with Dendrocnide moroides includes the application of diluted hydrochloric acid or vinegar to neutralize the toxins. Removing the stinging hairs with adhesive tape can also help reduce pain. Medical attention is often required for severe cases.

Ecological Role

Despite its painful sting, Dendrocnide moroides plays an important role in its ecosystem. It provides habitat and food for various insects and animals, including the Ulysses butterfly (Papilio ulysses) whose larvae feed on the leaves of the plant.

Cultural Significance

The plant has a notorious reputation in the regions where it is found. Indigenous Australians have long been aware of its painful sting and have used various traditional methods to treat stings. The plant's extreme toxicity has also made it a subject of scientific research.

See Also

• Urticaceae
• Neurotoxin
• Rainforest
• Queensland