Dendrocnide sinuata

Dendrocnide sinuata plant

Dendrocnide sinuata is a species of plant in the family Urticaceae. It is commonly known as the "stinging tree" or "stinging nettle" due to its painful sting caused by trichomes, which are hair-like structures on the leaves and stems. This plant is native to parts of Southeast Asia, including India, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

Description

Dendrocnide sinuata is a perennial shrub or small tree that can grow up to 3 meters in height. The leaves are large, ovate to lanceolate, and have serrated edges. The surface of the leaves is covered with stinging hairs that release toxins when touched. The flowers are small, greenish, and arranged in clusters. The fruit is a small, fleshy drupe.

Habitat

This species typically grows in tropical and subtropical forests, often in disturbed areas such as forest edges, clearings, and along streams. It prefers moist, well-drained soils and can be found at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,500 meters.

Toxicity

The stinging hairs of Dendrocnide sinuata contain a complex mixture of toxins, including histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. Contact with the plant can cause intense pain, itching, and swelling, which may last for several hours to days. In severe cases, it can lead to systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.

Uses

Despite its painful sting, Dendrocnide sinuata has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The leaves and roots are sometimes used in poultices to relieve pain and inflammation. However, handling the plant requires caution due to its toxic properties.

Related Species

Dendrocnide sinuata is closely related to other species in the genus Dendrocnide, such as Dendrocnide moroides and Dendrocnide excelsa, which are also known for their stinging hairs.

See Also

• Urticaceae
• Dendrocnide moroides
• Dendrocnide excelsa
• Stinging nettle
• Tropical forest