Denture base

Denture Base

The denture baseis a critical component of a complete or partial denture, serving as the foundation that supports the artificial teeth and rests on the oral mucosa. It plays a vital role in the functionality, comfort, and aesthetics of the denture.

Composition

Denture bases are typically made from various materials, each with specific properties that affect the performance and longevity of the denture. The most common materials include:

• Acrylic Resin: This is the most widely used material for denture bases due to its ease of manipulation, aesthetic qualities, and cost-effectiveness. Acrylic resin is a type of plastic that can be easily molded and adjusted.

• Metal Alloys: Some denture bases incorporate metal frameworks, particularly in partial dentures. Common metals used include cobalt-chromium and titanium, which provide strength and durability.

• Flexible Resins: These are used in some partial dentures to provide a more comfortable fit. They are made from materials like nylon and are known for their flexibility and resistance to fracture.

Functions

The denture base serves several important functions:

• Support: It provides support for the artificial teeth, ensuring they remain in the correct position for effective mastication.

• Retention: The base helps to keep the denture in place by adhering to the oral tissues through suction and surface tension.

• Stability: A well-designed denture base contributes to the overall stability of the denture, preventing it from moving during use.

• Aesthetics: The base is often colored to match the natural gums, enhancing the appearance of the denture.

Design Considerations

When designing a denture base, several factors must be considered to ensure optimal performance:

• Fit: The base must fit snugly against the oral tissues to prevent irritation and enhance retention.

• Thickness: The thickness of the base should be sufficient to provide strength without being bulky or uncomfortable.

• Extension: The base should extend to cover the necessary areas of the oral cavity to provide adequate support and retention.

Maintenance

Proper maintenance of the denture base is essential for the longevity and hygiene of the denture. This includes regular cleaning to remove food particles and plaque, as well as periodic adjustments by a dental professional to ensure a proper fit.

Complications

Common issues associated with denture bases include:

• Irritation: Poorly fitting bases can cause irritation and sores on the oral mucosa.

• Fracture: Acrylic bases are prone to fracture if dropped or subjected to excessive force.

• Discoloration: Over time, the base may become discolored due to staining from food and beverages.

Also see

• Complete denture
• Partial denture
• Acrylic resin
• Dental prosthesis