Depersonalisation disorder

Depersonalisation disorder (also known as DPD or depersonalization-derealization disorder) is a type of dissociative disorder that consists of persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached (dissociated) from one’s body or mental processes.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of depersonalisation disorder is a distorted perception of the self. This can manifest as feeling detached or disconnected from oneself, observing oneself from an outside perspective, or experiencing a sense of unreality. Other common symptoms include emotional or physical numbness, a feeling of being in a dream or unreal world, and distortions in perception of time, space, and the size or shape of objects.

Causes

The exact cause of depersonalisation disorder is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. It is often associated with childhood trauma, severe stress, depression, anxiety, and the use of recreational drugs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of depersonalisation disorder is typically made based on a detailed interview with the patient. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides specific criteria for diagnosis, which include persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalisation, derealization, or both; an understanding that these experiences are a departure from normality; and significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Treatment

Treatment for depersonalisation disorder often involves psychotherapy, with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) being the most commonly used approach. Medication may also be used to manage any co-occurring conditions, such as depression or anxiety.

See also

• Dissociative disorder
• Derealization
• Cognitive behavioral therapy