Desmoglein 3
Desmoglein 3[edit | edit source]
Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG3 gene. It is a member of the desmoglein subfamily of desmosomal cadherins, which are critical components of the desmosomes, specialized cell structures that facilitate cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Desmoglein 3 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the cadherin superfamily. It consists of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for calcium-dependent adhesion between cells, while the intracellular domain interacts with the cytoskeletal components through desmoplakin and plakoglobin, linking the desmosome to the intermediate filament network.
Function[edit | edit source]
Desmoglein 3 plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of epithelial tissues. It is predominantly expressed in the basal and suprabasal layers of stratified squamous epithelia, such as the skin and mucous membranes. By mediating cell-cell adhesion, DSG3 helps to maintain tissue architecture and resist mechanical stress.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Desmoglein 3 is a target antigen in the autoimmune blistering disease known as Pemphigus vulgaris. In this condition, autoantibodies against DSG3 disrupt cell-cell adhesion, leading to the formation of blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes. The presence of anti-DSG3 antibodies is a diagnostic marker for pemphigus vulgaris.
Additionally, alterations in DSG3 expression have been implicated in various cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of DSG3 has been associated with increased tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis.
Research[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise molecular mechanisms by which DSG3 contributes to cell adhesion and signaling. Studies are also exploring the potential of targeting DSG3 in therapeutic strategies for pemphigus vulgaris and certain cancers.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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