Desmoglein-3

Desmoglein-3 (DSG3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG3 gene. It is a member of the desmoglein protein subfamily, and part of the cadherin superfamily of proteins. DSG3 plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of desmosome structures, which are critical for cell adhesion and cohesion in epithelial tissues.

Structure

DSG3 is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. It consists of a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a smaller intracellular domain. The extracellular domain contains five cadherin repeats, which are involved in calcium-dependent cell adhesion.

Function

DSG3 is primarily expressed in the basal and immediate suprabasal layers of stratified squamous epithelia, such as the epidermis, oral mucosa, and esophagus. It plays a key role in the formation and stabilization of desmosomes, which are intercellular junctions that provide mechanical strength to tissues. By mediating cell-cell adhesion, DSG3 contributes to the integrity and homeostasis of epithelial tissues.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the DSG3 gene, as well as autoantibodies against DSG3, are associated with certain autoimmune diseases, including pemphigus vulgaris. In this condition, the loss of adhesion between skin cells leads to the formation of blisters in the skin and mucous membranes.

Research

Research into DSG3 has increased our understanding of cell adhesion mechanisms and the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. It may also have implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for this and other desmosome-related diseases.

File:Desmoglein-3.png

Structure of Desmoglein-3

See also

• Desmoglein
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Cadherin
• Desmosome