Diabetic eye disease

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye disorders that people with diabetes may face as a complication of the disease. It encompasses a wide range of conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataract, and glaucoma.

Overview

Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. Over time, this can damage various body systems, including the eyes. Diabetic eye disease can lead to poor vision or even blindness.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common form of diabetic eye disease. It occurs when high blood sugar levels cause damage to blood vessels in the retina. These damaged blood vessels can swell, leak, or close, preventing blood flow. In response, the body may grow new blood vessels that leak blood into the center of the eye, leading to vision loss.

Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema is a complication of diabetic retinopathy. It occurs when the damaged blood vessels leak fluid and lipids onto the macula, the part of the retina that allows us to see detail. This can cause the macula to swell, blurring vision.

Cataract

People with diabetes are 2-5 times more likely to develop cataract as their non-diabetic counterparts. Cataracts occur when the eye's clear lens becomes cloudy, blocking light. To restore vision, the cloudy lens must be removed and replaced with an artificial one.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the eye's optic nerve. Diabetes nearly doubles the risk of glaucoma. The increase in fluid pressure inside the eye leads to optic nerve damage and vision loss.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of diabetic eye disease involves optimal control of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment. Treatment options include laser surgery, vitrectomy, and medication injections in the eye.