Digestive system neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	C15-C.26
MeSH	D004067

Digestive system neoplasms are tumors or cancers located in the digestive system. These neoplasms can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and intestines. The nature of these neoplasms can vary widely, from benign polyps to malignant cancers such as carcinomas and sarcomas.

Types

Digestive system neoplasms are classified based on the location and the type of cells involved. Major types include:

• Esophageal cancer: Cancer that forms in the tissues of the esophagus.
• Stomach cancer: Also known as gastric cancer, this type affects the stomach lining.
• Colorectal cancer: Cancer that starts in the colon or rectum.
• Pancreatic cancer: A malignant neoplasm of the pancreas.
• Liver cancer: Primary liver cancer originates in the liver cells, while secondary liver cancer spreads from other organs.
• Gallbladder cancer: A rare disease in which malignant cells form in the gallbladder.

Symptoms

Symptoms of digestive system neoplasms vary depending on the specific type and location of the neoplasm but may include:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Changes in bowel habits, such as chronic diarrhea or constipation
• Blood in the stool or vomit

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of digestive system neoplasms typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Blood tests
• Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
• Endoscopy to visually inspect the digestive tract and to take biopsy samples

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
• Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue
• Targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to precisely identify and attack cancer cells

Prognosis

The prognosis for digestive system neoplasms varies widely based on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Early detection generally leads to a better prognosis.

Prevention

Preventive measures for digestive system neoplasms include:

• Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Limiting processed and red meat
• Avoiding tobacco use
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Regular physical activity

See also

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Cancer prevention