Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellates are a large group of flagellate protists. They constitute the phylum Dinoflagellata, which is classified under the supergroup Alveolata. Dinoflagellates are important components of the aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the production of oxygen and the food chain.

Characteristics

Dinoflagellates are unicellular and possess two dissimilar flagella arising from the ventral cell side (the dinokont flagellation). They have a unique nuclear structure (the dinokaryon), and they exhibit diverse nutritional strategies including photosynthesis, predation, parasitism, and symbiosis.

Ecology

Dinoflagellates can be found in all aquatic environments: in freshwater, marine, and brackish habitats. They are a major component of plankton. Some species are bioluminescent and can illuminate the water at night.

Human Impact

Some dinoflagellates produce toxins that are harmful to humans and animals. These toxins can accumulate in shellfish, leading to shellfish poisoning when consumed. Dinoflagellates are also responsible for the red tide phenomenon.

Classification

Dinoflagellates are classified under the supergroup Alveolata, together with ciliates and apicomplexans. The phylum Dinoflagellata includes about 2,000 living species.

See Also

• Alveolata
• Protists
• Red tide
• Shellfish poisoning

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