Dipterocarpus retusus

Dipterocarpus retusus - K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s Medizinal-Pflanzen-054

Dipterocarpus retusus is a species of large tree belonging to the family Dipterocarpaceae, which is native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. It is one of the most important timber-producing species within its genus, Dipterocarpus, known for its durable and high-quality wood. The tree is commonly referred to as the "Keruing" tree in the timber trade.

Description

Dipterocarpus retusus can grow to a significant height, often reaching up to 40-50 meters, with some specimens even surpassing this range. The tree's diameter can extend up to 2 meters. It features a straight, cylindrical trunk with a large, spreading canopy. The bark is thick and flaky, providing some protection against forest fires. The leaves of the tree are large, leathery, and oblong, with a distinctive retuse (notched) tip from which the species derives its name. The flowers are yellowish-white, appearing in large, terminal panicles, and are known for their pleasant fragrance. The fruit of Dipterocarpus retusus is a nut enclosed in a calyx that turns from green to brown as it matures. The calyx has two larger lobes that act as wings, aiding in the dispersal of the seed by wind.

Distribution and Habitat

Dipterocarpus retusus is predominantly found in the rainforests of Southeast Asia, including countries such as India, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. It prefers well-drained, fertile soils and is often found in primary as well as secondary forests, up to an altitude of about 700 meters above sea level.

Uses

The wood of Dipterocarpus retusus is highly valued for its strength, durability, and resistance to insects and fungi, making it a preferred material for heavy construction, including buildings, bridges, and ships. It is also used in the manufacture of furniture, flooring, and paneling. Beyond its use as timber, the tree produces a resin known as "Keruing resin" or "Gurjun balsam," which is used in traditional medicine, as a varnish, and in the manufacture of paints and lacquers.

Conservation

The exploitation for its timber and habitat loss due to deforestation have led to a decline in the population of Dipterocarpus retusus. It is listed as a species of concern in several of its native countries. Conservation efforts are underway to ensure its survival, including the establishment of protected areas and the promotion of sustainable forestry practices. Reforestation projects also include Dipterocarpus retusus due to its ecological and economic importance.

See Also

• Dipterocarpaceae
• Tropical rainforest
• Sustainable forestry