Diseases of external ear

Diseases of the External Ear encompass a variety of conditions that affect the outer portion of the ear, which includes the auricle (or pinna) and the external auditory canal. These conditions can range from infections and inflammations to structural abnormalities and injuries. Understanding these diseases is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Types of Diseases

Infections and Inflammatory Conditions

• Otitis Externa: Also known as swimmer's ear, this is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal, the auricle, or both. It is often caused by water remaining in the ear after swimming, creating a moist environment that facilitates bacterial growth.
• Perichondritis: This is an infection of the skin and tissue surrounding the cartilage of the outer ear. It is usually caused by trauma or piercing and can lead to severe damage if not treated promptly.

Structural Abnormalities

• Microtia: A congenital deformity where the external ear is underdeveloped.
• Anotia: The complete absence of the auricle, a rare congenital condition.

Traumatic Injuries

• Auricular Hematoma: Caused by blunt trauma, this condition involves the collection of blood between the cartilage and skin of the ear, leading to swelling.
• Lacerations: Cuts or tears to the ear due to accidents or injuries.

Other Conditions

• Cerumen Impaction: Accumulation of earwax in the external auditory canal, which can lead to hearing loss and discomfort.
• Exostosis: Also known as surfer's ear, this is the abnormal bone growth within the external auditory canal, often stimulated by repeated exposure to cold water and wind.

Symptoms

Symptoms of diseases of the external ear can vary depending on the specific condition but may include pain, redness, swelling, discharge (which may be pus in case of infection), itching, and hearing loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough history and physical examination, including inspection of the ear with an otoscope. Additional tests, such as cultures, hearing tests, or imaging studies, may be required to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the specific disease and its severity. It may include:

• Antibiotic or antifungal ear drops for infections
• Pain relievers
• Removal of impacted earwax
• Surgery in cases of severe structural abnormalities or persistent infections

Prevention

Preventive measures include avoiding prolonged moisture in the ears, using protective gear during activities that may cause ear injuries, and proper ear hygiene.