Drift ice

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Drift ice refers to any sea ice that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object. It is carried along by wind and ocean currents, hence the name "drift ice." Drift ice can be found in both the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean around Antarctica.

Formation

Drift ice forms when the surface of the ocean freezes. This process typically begins in the polar regions during the winter months when temperatures drop significantly. The formation of drift ice is influenced by several factors, including salinity, temperature, and the presence of ocean currents.

Types of Drift Ice

Drift ice can be classified into several types based on its size and age:

• New ice: Recently formed ice that is less than 10 cm thick.
• Nilas: A thin, elastic crust of ice up to 10 cm thick.
• Pancake ice: Circular pieces of ice with raised edges, typically formed in turbulent water.
• Pack ice: A large area of drift ice that has been compressed together.

Movement

The movement of drift ice is primarily driven by wind and ocean currents. In the Arctic, the Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift Stream are significant currents that influence the movement of drift ice. In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current plays a similar role.

Ecological Impact

Drift ice plays a crucial role in the polar ecosystems. It provides a habitat for various marine life forms, including polar bears, seals, and penguins. The presence of drift ice also affects the albedo of the Earth's surface, influencing global climate patterns.

Human Interaction

Drift ice can pose significant challenges to navigation and shipping in polar regions. Icebreakers are often used to clear paths through drift ice to ensure safe passage for vessels. Additionally, drift ice is a subject of scientific research, particularly in the context of climate change and its impact on polar regions.

See Also

• Sea ice
• Iceberg
• Polar climate
• Icebreaker
• Arctic Ocean
• Southern Ocean