East Malaysia

LocationEastMalaysia

Borneo2 map english names

Borneo Topography

East Malaysia consists of the two states, Sabah and Sarawak, located on the island of Borneo, to the east of Peninsular Malaysia. Together with Peninsular Malaysia, these regions form the country of Malaysia. The South China Sea separates East and Peninsular Malaysia. East Malaysia is known for its dense rainforests, diverse wildlife, and unique indigenous cultures. It is also home to the country's highest peak, Mount Kinabalu, located in Sabah.

Geography

East Malaysia occupies the northern and western parts of the island of Borneo, sharing borders with Brunei and Indonesia. The region is characterized by its rugged terrain, extensive rainforests, and a high level of biodiversity. Major rivers include the Rajang River in Sarawak and the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, both of which are vital for transportation and ecology.

History

The history of East Malaysia is marked by a rich tapestry of indigenous cultures and a long history of trade and interaction with the outside world. In the 19th century, parts of what is now East Malaysia were under the control of the Brunei Sultanate. The British established the North Borneo Chartered Company in Sabah and made Sarawak a kingdom under the White Rajahs. After World War II, both territories became British Crown Colonies until they joined the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, a move that was met with opposition from Indonesia and led to the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.

Politics

East Malaysia has a significant degree of administrative autonomy compared to the states in Peninsular Malaysia. Each state has its own government, led by a Chief Minister, and a ceremonial Governor known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri. The states also have unique immigration policies, requiring Malaysian citizens from other states to carry passports or special passes to enter.

Economy

The economy of East Malaysia is diverse, with major contributions from agriculture, forestry, and petroleum. Sabah is renowned for its palm oil and cocoa, while Sarawak is a major exporter of timber and petroleum. In recent years, both states have been working to develop their tourism and manufacturing sectors.

Culture

The culture of East Malaysia is markedly different from that of the Peninsular, with a greater emphasis on the indigenous ethnic groups, such as the Iban, Kadazan-Dusun, and Dayak peoples. These groups have rich traditions, languages, and crafts, particularly in beadwork and weaving. The annual Gawai Dayak festival in Sarawak and the Kaamatan festival in Sabah are significant cultural events that celebrate the harvest and indigenous heritage.

Environmental Concerns

East Malaysia's vast rainforests are under threat from logging, palm oil plantation expansion, and climate change. Efforts are being made to conserve the unique biodiversity of the region, including the protection of endangered species such as the Bornean orangutan and the pygmy elephant.

Tourism

Tourism is a growing sector in East Malaysia, with attractions including Kinabalu Park, the Mulu Caves in Sarawak, and numerous diving spots along the Sabah coast. The region's cultural diversity, wildlife, and natural landscapes draw visitors from around the world.

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