Empathogen–entactogen

Empathogen–entactogen are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA (Ecstasy). The term was coined in 1986 by Ralph Metzner to denote a growing class of psychoactive substances that were being used for their ability to induce a sense of inner peace and self-acceptance.

History

The history of empathogen–entactogen begins with the synthesis of MDMA in 1912 by the German pharmaceutical company Merck. However, it was not until the 1970s that the psychoactive properties of MDMA were discovered and the drug began to be used in psychotherapy and recreational settings.

Pharmacology

Empathogen–entactogens are believed to affect the brain's serotonin system, increasing the release of this neurotransmitter and inhibiting its reuptake. This results in an enhanced mood, increased sociability, and heightened feelings of empathy. Some empathogen–entactogens, such as MDMA, also affect the dopamine and norepinephrine systems, which can lead to increased energy and euphoria.

Effects

The effects of empathogen–entactogens can vary greatly depending on the specific drug, the dose, the user's individual physiology, and the context in which the drug is used. However, common effects include feelings of love and empathy, increased sociability, mood lift, increased energy, and enhanced sensory perception.

Risks and Controversies

While many users report positive experiences with empathogen–entactogens, these drugs also carry risks. These can include physical health risks, such as dehydration and overheating, as well as mental health risks, such as anxiety and depression. There is also ongoing controversy over the legal status of these drugs and the potential for abuse and addiction.

See Also

• Psychedelic drug
• Psychoactive drug
• MDMA
• Serotonin
• Dopamine