Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific)

Enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis

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Identifiers
EC number	1.3.1.10
CAS number	37250-24-1
Alt. names
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway

Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. This enzyme is responsible for the reduction of enoyl-ACP (acyl-carrier-protein) to acyl-ACP, utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. The reaction it catalyzes is essential for the elongation of the fatty acid chain during the biosynthesis process.

Function

The primary function of enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific) is to facilitate the reduction of the double bond in enoyl-ACP to form a saturated acyl-ACP. This step is part of the fatty acid synthase system, which is responsible for the production of long-chain fatty acids. The enzyme specifically uses NADPH as a reducing agent, distinguishing it from other types of enoyl-ACP reductases that may use different cofactors.

Mechanism

The enzyme operates by binding to the enoyl-ACP substrate and NADPH. The hydride ion from NADPH is transferred to the double bond of the enoyl group, resulting in the formation of a saturated acyl-ACP. This reaction is stereospecific, meaning that the enzyme only catalyzes the reduction of the B-specific enoyl-ACP.

Structure

Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific) typically consists of a single polypeptide chain. The active site of the enzyme contains residues that are crucial for binding NADPH and the enoyl-ACP substrate. The enzyme's structure is highly conserved across different species, reflecting its essential role in fatty acid biosynthesis.

Biological Importance

This enzyme is vital for the synthesis of fatty acids, which are important components of cell membranes, energy storage molecules, and signaling molecules. Inhibition of enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase can lead to the disruption of fatty acid biosynthesis, making it a potential target for antibiotics and herbicides.

Related Enzymes

• Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADH)
• Fatty acid synthase
• Acyl carrier protein

See Also

• Fatty acid metabolism
• Lipid biosynthesis
• NADPH