Entonox

Entonox Entonox, also known as laughing gas, is a medical gas mixture of 50% nitrous oxide (N₂O) and 50% oxygen (O₂). It is commonly used for its analgesic and anesthetic properties in various medical settings, including emergency medicine, dentistry, and obstetrics.

Composition and Properties

Entonox is a colorless, odorless gas that combines the analgesic effects of nitrous oxide with the oxygenation benefits of oxygen. The mixture is stored in pressurized cylinders and administered through a demand valve system, allowing patients to self-administer the gas as needed.

Mechanism of Action

The analgesic effect of Entonox is primarily due to the nitrous oxide component, which acts on the central nervous system to produce pain relief and sedation. Nitrous oxide interacts with opioid receptors and GABA receptors, leading to a reduction in pain perception. The oxygen component ensures that patients maintain adequate oxygen levels during administration.

Uses

Entonox is widely used in various medical fields:

• Emergency medicine: For rapid pain relief in trauma and minor surgical procedures.
• Dentistry: To alleviate anxiety and pain during dental procedures.
• Obstetrics: Commonly used during labor to manage pain.

Administration

Entonox is typically administered via a face mask or mouthpiece connected to a demand valve. The demand valve system allows patients to control their intake of the gas, providing a sense of control and reducing the risk of overdose.

Side Effects and Contraindications

Common side effects of Entonox include dizziness, nausea, and a feeling of euphoria. It is contraindicated in patients with certain conditions, such as:

• Pneumothorax
• Bowel obstruction
• Severe COPD

Safety and Storage

Entonox cylinders should be stored in a cool, dry place and handled with care to prevent damage. The gas mixture is stable and safe for use when administered correctly.

Related Pages

• Nitrous oxide
• Oxygen
• Analgesic
• Anesthetic
• Emergency medicine
• Dentistry
• Obstetrics