Epiglottis

The Epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that is located at the base of the tongue. It plays a crucial role in the respiratory system by preventing food and drink from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

Structure

The epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage. It is attached to the entrance of the larynx and is covered with a mucous membrane. This membrane is mostly lined with stratified squamous epithelium which is designed to handle the wear and tear of passing food and drink.

Function

The primary function of the epiglottis is to seal off the windpipe during eating, so that food is not accidentally inhaled. The epiglottis flips downward to cover the entrance of the larynx, which leads to the lungs. When the swallowing reflex is triggered, the upward movement of the larynx causes the epiglottis to close over the trachea. This prevents aspiration of food or liquid which could result in choking or pneumonia.

Clinical significance

Inflammation of the epiglottis is known as epiglottitis. This is usually caused by bacterial infection and can cause serious, potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Symptoms of epiglottitis include severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and changes in the voice.

See also

• Larynx
• Respiratory system
• Epiglottitis

References

• 
  Epiglottis
• Epiglottis
  Epiglottis
• High rising epiglottis
  High rising epiglottis
• 
  Illustration of the larynx
• 
  Horse larynx (Kehlkopf Pferd)
• 
  Normal larynx