Equine distemper

Equine Distemper also known as Strangles, is a highly contagious infectious disease that affects equine species such as horses, donkeys, and mules. The disease is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi.

Etiology

The causative agent of Equine Distemper is Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, a Gram-positive, beta-hemolytic bacterium. The bacterium is highly adapted to the equine host and has several virulence factors that aid in its pathogenicity.

Transmission

Equine Distemper is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly through contaminated water, feed, equipment, or the hands and clothing of handlers. The bacteria can also be spread through the air over short distances.

Clinical Signs

The clinical signs of Equine Distemper include fever, loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, nasal discharge, and swollen lymph nodes. In severe cases, the disease can cause abscesses in the lymph nodes, which may rupture and release pus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Equine Distemper is based on clinical signs and confirmed by laboratory testing. The most common tests include bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of Streptococcus equi.

Treatment

Treatment for Equine Distemper involves supportive care, including rest, hydration, and pain management. Antibiotics may be used to treat the infection, but their use is controversial due to the risk of abscess formation. In severe cases, surgical drainage of abscesses may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of Equine Distemper involves good biosecurity practices, including quarantine of new or sick animals, regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment and facilities, and proper hand hygiene. Vaccines are available and can provide additional protection.

See Also

• Horse diseases
• Zoonotic diseases
• Veterinary medicine